Table 5.

Estimated daily micronutrient intakes across protein density quartile when adjusted for fruit and vegetable intake in healthy young adults^{1, 2}.

Micronutrients of interest	Protein density quartile				P-value3
	1 (n = 135)	2 (n = 134)	3 (n = 134)	4 (n = 127)
Potassium (mg)	1092.0 ± 316.7a	1207.6 ± 291.9b	1304.2 ± 292.9b	1442.7 ± 334.8c	P = 0.001
Calcium (mg)	356.6 ± 110.1a	438.1 ± 114.0b	449.2 ± 123.8b, c	482.8 ± 178.2c	P = 0.001
Magnesium (mg)	117.8 ± 27.4a	134.2 ± 32.5b	150.1 ± 39.6b	163.0 ± 41.5c	P = 0.001
Folate (mg)	101.0 ± 45.6a	112.9 ± 47.6a, b	132.5 ± 54.4a, b	148.1 ± 73.7b	P = 0.001
Choline (mg)	123.5 ± 30.0a	150.0 ± 34.0b	173.9 ± 39.5c	205.6 ± 58.1d	P = 0.001
Iron (mg)	6.1 ± 1.5a	6.8 ± 1.3b	7.3 ± 1.7b	8.0 ± 2.0c	P = 0.001
Zinc (mg)	4.5 ± 1.0a	5.4 ± 0.7b	6.2 ± 1.2c	7.2 ± 2.1d	P = 0.001
Vitamin A (retinol activity eq., mcg)	283.2 ± 118.0a	346.2 ± 147.0b	419.0 ± 245.6b	446.1 ± 216.4b	P = 0.001
Vitamin C (mg)	68.1 ± 44.5a	58.5 ± 34.6b	58.1 ± 31.3b	62.3 ± 34.3b	P = 0.02
Vitamin D (IU)	50.0 ± 37.1a	73.7 ± 43.7b	84.7 ± 61.1c	103.3 ± 58.6d	P = 0.001
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol, mg)	3.5 ± 1.1	3.4 ± 1.0	3.8 ± 1.2	3.9 ± 1.5	P = 0.25
Vitamin B1 (mg)	0.7 ± 0.2a	0.8 ± 0.2b	0.8 ± 0.2b	0.9 ± 0.2c	P = 0.001
Vitamin B2 (mg)	0.8 ± 0.2a	1.0 ± 0.3b	1.1 ± 0.3b	1.2 ± 0.3c	P = 0.001
Vitamin B3 (mg)	8.8 ± 2.1a	10.3 ± 2.1b	11.2 ± 2.3b	13.1 ± 2.8c	P = 0.001
Vitamin B12 (mcg)	1.9 ± 0.7a	2.5 ± 0.6b	2.9 ± 1.0c	3.7 ± 1.2d	P = 0.001

¹Values are means (SD).

²Data are analyzed using MANCOVA adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, race, physical activity, smoking status, energy density, total energy intake, fruit intake, and vegetable intake, within a row, values not sharing superscript letters are different at the univariate level, p < 0.05.

³P-value < 0.05 indicates a main effect of protein density quartile.