Table 1.

Demographic data and baseline characteristics. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) and frequency (%)

	GDT group (n = 60)	Control group (n = 60)	P value
Age (years)	49 (13)	50 (12)	0.25
Male gender	36 (60%)	38 (63%)	0.85
Diabetes	6 (10%)	7 (12%)	0.95
Hypertension	11 (18%)	10 (17%)	0.92
Smoking	9 (15%)	11 (18%)	0.84
Baseline hemodynamic data
Heart rate (bpm)	86 (16)	84 (12)	0.4
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	93 (13)	90 (14)	0.2
Central venous pressure	7.3 (2.5)	7.1 (2.2)	0.61

GDT: Goal-directed therapy. * denotes statistical significance.