Table 1.
Observational studies in recent years associating heterocyclic aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with colorectal cancer.
| Year | No. Subjects | Analytical Category | Source | Dose | Pathology | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 407,270 | HCAs | Red meat | n.a a | MeIQx and DiMeIQx association with all anatomical subsites of colorectal cancer. PhIP associations with total colorectal and colon cancers. Not evidenced an association between ingested B(a)P and CRC | [46] |
| MeIQx | ||||||
| DiMeIQx | ||||||
| PhIP | ||||||
| PAHs | ||||||
| B(a)P | ||||||
| 2018 | 76,657 | HCAs | Red meat | 50 ng/day | Association of HCAs, B(a)P, and mutagenicity index with the risk of colorectal adenomas | [47] |
| MeIQx | n.a a | |||||
| DiMeIQx | 40 ng/day | |||||
| PhIP | n.a a | |||||
| PAHs | ||||||
| B(a)P | ||||||
| 2013 | total 3707: 1062 cases and 1645 controls | HCAs | Red meat | n.a a | Colon cancer | [48] |
| MeIQx | ||||||
| DiMeIQ | ||||||
| PhIP |
a Not available.