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Schematic showing the functional roles of EpCAM/EpEX in MSCs. Upon EpEX stimulation, phosphorylation of EGFR–STAT3 signaling is induced and subsequently up-regulates the level of Lin28 which inhibits let-7. When let-7 is inhibited, the transcription factor, HMGA2, is increased and binds to the promoters of Oct4 and Sox2. The EpEX-mediated increases of Oct4 and Sox2 can promote osteogenesis of MSCs during osteo-induction.
