Aβ42 oligomer causes holes within supported lipid bilayers.
a (left), AFM topographical image depicting a region of supported lipid bilayer which has holes formed after incubation with Aβ42 heterogeneous oligomer. Height color scale range, 12 nm. Right, binary map of holes, generated by height threshold. b, height cross-section. Typically, both the upper and lower leaflets of bilayer are extracted. Scale bar, 0.3 μm. c, range of hole diameters with a modal value of 50 nm.