| AD-MSCs | Adipose-Derived MSCs |
| ALP | Alkaline Phosphatase |
| BEAS-2B | Bronchial Epithelial Cells |
| BM-MSCs | Bone Marrow-Derived MSCs |
| bFGF | Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor |
| CD | Cluster of Differentiation |
| CFU-F | Colony Forming Unit Fibroblasts |
| CM | Conditioned Medium |
| CNS | Central Nervous System |
| CPC | Calcium Phosphate Cement |
| DBM | Demineralized Bone Matrix |
| DCs | Dendritic Cells |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium |
| DOX | Doxorubicin |
| ECM | Extracellular Matrix |
| EAE | Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis |
| EBs | Embryonic Bodies |
| EMT | Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition |
| FACS | Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting |
| FBS | Fetal Bovine Serum |
| GDF | Growth/Differentiation Factor |
| hESC-MSCSP | Spheroidal hESC-MSC |
| HLA | Human Leukocyte Antigen |
| IDO1 | Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase |
| IFNγ | Interferon γ |
| IKK | IκB Kinase |
| i.m. | Intramuscular |
| ISCT | International Society for Cellular Therapy |
| i.v. | Intravenous |
| KO-SR | Knockout Serum Replacement |
| LEF | Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor |
| LNGFR | Low-Affinity Nerve Growth Factor Receptor |
| MCT | Monocrotaline |
| MEF | Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast |
| MIF | Macrophage Inhibitory Factor |
| MPs | Mesenchymal Progenitors |
| MSCs | Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| NCC | Neural Crest Cells |
| NCLCs | NC-Like Cells |
| NF-κB | Nuclear Factor Kappa B |
| NK cells | Natural Killer Cells |
| OA | Osteoarthritis |
| PAH | Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
| PDGFRa | Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha |
| PEGD | PEG-Diacrylate |
| PL | Platelet Lysate |
| PMEDSAH | Poly [2-(methacryloyloxy) Ethyl Dimethyl-(3-Sulfopropyl) Ammonium Hydroxide |
| PBMCs | Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
| ROCK | Rho-Associated, Coiled-Coil Containing Protein Kinase |
| ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
| SSEA-4 | Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-4 |
| s.c. | Subcutaneous |
| TGF-β1 | Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 |
| THY-1 | Thymocyte Antigen-1 |
| T-MSC | Trophoblast-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| TNFα | Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha |
| TSG | Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Stimulated Gene |
| VW | Vascular Wall |
| VEGF | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor |