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. 2019 Apr 20;20(8):1949. doi: 10.3390/ijms20081949

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Signaling pathways for the IL-32θ-mediated down-regulation of IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 expression in THP-1 cells. Briefly, IL-13 stimulation causes the activation of both STAT3 and STAT6 to regulate IL-13 expression, but not IL-13Rα2, while PMA stimulation can activate both transcription factors and trigger IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 expression. IL-32θ suppresses IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 by interacting directly with PKCδ and STAT3 and subsequently reduces STAT3 binding activity to promoters. STAT6 activity may be partly and indirectly disturbed by IL-32θ. “Y” stands for Tyrosine. “S” stands for Serine.