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. 2019 Apr 12;24(8):1450. doi: 10.3390/molecules24081450

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Examples of self-assembled materials with different morphologies. (a) Scanning electron micrograph of an isoluecine–lysine–valine–alanine–valine (IKVAV)-containing peptide nanofiber network formed by adding cell media (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium; DMEM) to an aqueous solution of a peptide amphiphile. Adapted with permission from [11]. Copyright 2004, Science publishing. (b) Fluorescence photomicrograph of individual two-dimensional (2D) crystalline sheets assembled from periodic amphiphilic peptoid polymers. Adapted with permission from [12]. Copyright 2010, Nature publishing. (c) Atomic force microscopy (AFM) phase image of small rods derived from self-assembling oligothiophenes prepared in n-butanol solution. Adapted with permission from [13]. Copyright 2004, American Chemical Society publishing. (d) Transmission electron microscopy image of self-assembled poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Reproduced from reference [14] with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry.