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. 2019 Apr 16;20(8):1869. doi: 10.3390/ijms20081869

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Acid feeding reversal of damage and the corresponding mechanisms in different models of cholangiocyte injury in bile duct ligated rats. Abbreviations: CCL4 = carbon tetrachloride; PI3k/AKT = phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B; cAMP = cyclic adenosine monophosphate; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor. Symbols: ↑ = increase; ↓ = decrease.