| LPWAN | Low-Power Wide-Area Network |
| IoT | Internet of Things |
| UNB | Ultra-Narrowband |
| MPPSK | M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying |
| EBPSK | Extend Binary Phase Shift Keying |
| DIF | Digital Impacting Filter |
| IIR | Infinite Impulse Response |
| SIF | Special Impacting Filter |
| HF | High Frequency |
| GCC | Generalized cross-correlation |
| LMSTDE | Least Mean Square Time Delay Estimation |
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