Table 1.
Summary statistics
| Age in 2014 | Age at birth | Schooling | White-collar | Nominated (indicator) | Nominated (frequency) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ownbirth sample | ||||||
| (1) Children | 44.6 | – | 12.6 | 57.7 | 2.27 | 1.93 |
| (5.9) | – | (2.2) | (49.4) | (14.9) | (1.44) | |
| [1,958,345] | – | [1,847,213] | [1,712,087] | [1,958,345] | [44,367] | |
| (2) Fathers | 75.0 | 30.4 | 10.5 | 51.2 | 5.11 | 2.99 |
| (9.3) | (6.4) | (3.0) | (50.0) | (22.0) | (2.20) | |
| [1,043,487] | [1,043,487] | [988,269] | [934,808] | [1,043,487] | [53,305] | |
| (3) Mothers | 72.0 | 27.4 | 10.4 | 32.4 | 3.34 | 2.74 |
| (8.7) | (5.6) | (2.8) | (46.8) | (18.0) | (2.04) | |
| [1,094,590] | [1,094,590] | [1,035,513] | [912,718] | [1,094,590] | [36,518] | |
| Adoption sample | ||||||
| (4) Children | 48.2 | – | 12.0 | 48.6 | 3.33 | 1.94 |
| (4.8) | – | (2.0) | (50.0) | (18.0) | (1.58) | |
| [10,141] | – | [9,955] | [8,800] | [10,141] | [338] | |
| (5) Fathers (biological) | 75.8 | 27.9 | 9.3 | 32.1 | 2.74 | 2.17 |
| (9.1) | (8.0) | (2.5) | (46.7) | (16.3) | (1.51) | |
| [5,574] | [5,574] | [5,175] | [4,233] | [5,574] | [153] | |
| (6) Mothers (biological) | 71.9 | 23.6 | 9.5 | 20.9 | 2.48 | 2.26 |
| (7.7) | (6.2) | (2.4) | (40.6) | (15.6) | (1.84) | |
| [8,865] | [8,865] | [8,376] | [6,567] | [8,865] | [220] | |
| (7) Fathers (adoptive) | 83.4 | 35.2 | 10.6 | 58.8 | 6.83 | 2.91 |
| (7.9) | (5.5) | (3.2) | (49.2) | (25.2) | (1.98) | |
| [8,160] | [8,160] | [8,067] | [7,684] | [8,160] | [557] | |
| (8) Mothers (adoptive) | 80.9 | 32.6 | 10.1 | 35.1 | 3.79 | 2.80 |
| (7.6) | (5.1) | (2.9) | (47.7) | (19.1) | (1.93) | |
| [8,316] | [8,316] | [8,248] | [6,862] | [8,316] | [315] | |
Means, standard deviations (in parentheses), and number of observations (in brackets) for some key variables. Row 1 shows summary statistics for the non-adopted children in the sample; rows 2–3 display summary statistics for parents to the non-adopted children; row 4 shows summary statistics for the adopted children in the sample; rows 5–8 display summary statistics for parents to the adopted children. White-collar is the share (in percentage points) of individuals employed as legislators, senior officials, managers, professionals, technicians or associate professionals at some point between 1980–1990 (parents) or 2001–2010 (children). Nominated is the share (in percentage points) of individuals running for office at least once in the ten elections between 1982 and 2014. The last column displays the average number of candidacies among individuals running for office at least once during the ten elections between 1982 and 2014