Figure 4.

High-resolution fluorescence images of living primary human macrophages exposed to microgravity on the ISS. Cells were stained for nuclei (Nuclear Violet, blue) and actin (SiR-actin, red). Images were acquired on ground before upload to the ISS (Pre-flight ground control), and after 4 days of exposure to microgravity on the ISS (In-flight). Also shown are images from cells that were cultured in parallel to the in-flight samples (Flight-parallel ground control) as well as pictures of a pre-test of the FLUMIAS-DEA microscope (Independent pre-mission test). The “Flight-parallel ground control” group was acquired with a standard confocal microscope, while all other pictures were taken with the FLUMIAS-DEA microscope. Images show representative cells from the respective condition. Scale bars are 20 µm. For description of experiment sample groups see Table 4.