| FLS | flavonol synthase. |
| DFR | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase |
| ANS | anthocyanidin synthase |
| qRT-PCR | quantitative real-time PCR |
| DHK | dihydrokaempferol |
| DHQ | dihydroquercetin |
| ORF | open reading frame |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
| UFGT | glucosyltransferase |
| 2-ODD | 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase |