| AR | androgen receptor |
| ATT | androgen-targeted therapies |
| BCR | biochemical recurrence |
| CSC | cancer stem cells |
| CRPCa | castration resistant prostate cancer |
| CT | chemotherapy |
| DCs | dendritic cells |
| DHT | dihydrotestosterone |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor |
| ENZ | enzalutamide |
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor |
| HGF | hepatocyte growth factor |
| HUVEC | human endothelial cells |
| IGF1-R | insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor |
| IR | ionizing radiation |
| IHC | immunohistochemistry |
| mAbs | monoclonal antibodies |
| mCPRC | metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer |
| miRs | microRNAs |
| NRPs | Neuropilins |
| NRP1 | Neuropilin-1 |
| NRP2 | Neuropilin-2 |
| NSCLC | non-small cell lung cancer |
| sNRPs | soluble neuropilins |
| OS | overall survival |
| PDACs | pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas |
| PDGF | platelet derived growth factor |
| PDGF-Rs | platelet-derived growth factor receptors |
| PCa | prostate cancer |
| RCT | radio-chemotherapy |
| RT | radiotherapy |
| SEMAs | semaphorins |
| TGFβ | transforming growth factor β |
| TURBT | transurethral resection of bladder tumour |
| TAMs | tumor-associated macrophages |
| RTKs | tyrosine kinase receptors |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| VEGF-Rs | vascular endothelial growth factor receptors |