Table 3.

Biological activity of acemannan in vivo.

Source	Model	Target	Dose	Administraction	Biological Activities	Action or Mechanism	Reference
Fresh gel	---	Sprague Dawley rats (male)	2%	External application	Wound healing	Reduced oral wound areas	[7]
Dring gel (200:1)	Implanted with sarcoma 180 cell	ICR mice	1 mg/mouse	Injection	Antitumor	Exhibited macrophage-activating activity	[37]
Fresh gel	Tooth extraction model	Sprague–Dawley rats (male)	32 mg/kg	External application	Accelerating bone formation	Bone mineral density (+); tooth socket healing (+)	[46]
Fresh gel	Irradiation at 2.14 Gy/min	Swiss albino mice (male)	50 mg/kg	Oral gavage	Immunomodulation/radioprotection; antioxidation	Scavenge free radicals; survival (+); mitogenic activity (+); hematopoiesis (+); activation of MAPK	[53]
Fresh gel	Radiation-induced mortality	Swiss albino mice (male)	150 mg/kg	Oral gavage	Immunomodulatory	Survival (+); peripheral lymphocytes (+);TNF-α (+); IL-1 (+)	[61]
Fresh gel	Radiation-induced myelosuppression	C57BL/6 mice (female)	1 mg/mouse	Injection	Hematopoiesis	White blood cell (+); spleen cellularity (+); lymphocytes (+); neutrophils (+); monocytes	[67]
Fresh gel	[3H]B[a]P	ICR mice (male)	50 mg/mouse	Oral gavage	Antigenotoxic	Glutathione-s-transferase (+);[3H]B[a]P-DNA adduct formation (-)	[83]
Fresh gel	---	Mongrel Dogs	---	Oral gavage	Accelerating bone formation	Induced bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament formation	[84]
Fresh gel	Full-thickness skin excisional wound	BALB/c mice (male)	2 mg/kg	Injection	Wound healing	Accelerated skin wound closure	[87]
Fresh gel	---	SpragueeDawley rats (female)	8 mg/sponge	External application	Bone regeneration	Integrate new bone with the old bone	[88]