Table 2.

AMR Challenge Finalists.

Title	Analytic Approach	Sample Type	Result and Time	Format
Ultra-Rapid Infection Confirmation and Phenotypical AST by Microbe Mass Measurement [http://www.lifescaleinstruments.com/ https://patents.google.com/patent/US20150072373A1/en]	Microfluidic, mass detection of bacterial growth	blood culture, urine culture demonstrated (extension to urine screen, cerebral spinal fluid, pleural fluid planned)	Phenotypic antibiotic resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration) Time to result: 3–3.5 h	desktop device
Single Cell Biometric Analysis for Rapid ID/AST [http://klarisdx.com/ https://patents.google.com/patent/US20180172675A1/en]	Microfluidic partitioning of single cells; detection of phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility with redox-sensitive viability dye	not specified	Phenotypic antibiotic resistance, pathogen ID Time to result: 4 h	desktop device
Fully Automated Pathogen ID and AST Directly from Blood and Urine [http://www.genefluidics-lifescience.com/]	Electrochemical sandwich hybridization of 16S ribosomal RNA	unprocessed urine demonstrated, (whole blood in development)	Pathogen genus/species by 16S homology Time to result: 30 min for pathogen ID, 90 min for resistance profile (for urine)	desktop device with disposable sensor array chip
Patient-side, Disposable, Molecular PCR Diagnostic Device for Neisseria Gonorrhea and Drug Resistance Markers [https://www.sbir.gov/sbirsearch/detail/1323659 https://patents.google.com/patent/US9623415B2/en]	Miniaturised PCR	genital tract swab	Pathogen ID, (ciprofloxacin resistance in development) Time to result: 25 min	single-use, disposable POC device
Host Gene Expression to Classify Viral and Bacterial Infection Using Rapid Multiplex PCR [https://www.predigen.com/] Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 2010, 48 (1) 26-33; DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01447-09	PCR of host gene expression patterns	blood	confirmation of viral-type host response pattern, determination of viral/bacterial co-infection Time to result: 45 min	desktop/multiplex PCR equipment