Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of UK Biobank participants by glucosamine use. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristics | Glucosamine non-user | Glucosamine user |
|---|---|---|
| No of participants | 376 054 (80.7) | 89 985 (19.3) |
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 55.6 (8.2) | 58.9 (7.1) |
| Women | 203 105 (54.0) | 57 228 (63.6) |
| Race: | ||
| White European | 339 092 (90.2) | 82 879 (92.1) |
| Mixed | 14 730 (3.9) | 2651 (2.9) |
| South Asian | 13 597 (3.6) | 2913 (3.2) |
| Black | 2289 (0.6) | 379 (0.4) |
| Others | 6346 (1.7) | 1163 (1.3) |
| Mean (SD) body mass index | 27.3 (4.8) | 27.3 (4.6) |
| Household income (£): | ||
| <18 000 | 70 399 (18.7) | 15 766 (17.5) |
| 18 000-30 999 | 79 117 (21.0) | 21 827 (24.3) |
| 31 000-51 999 | 85 725 (22.8) | 20 411 (22.7) |
| 52 000-100 000 | 68 972 (18.3) | 14 752 (16.4) |
| >100 000 | 16 686 (5.0) | 3677 (4.1) |
| “Do not know” or missing | 53 155 (14.1) | 13 552 (15.1) |
| Physical activity (min/week): | ||
| <150 | 154 087 (41.0) | 30 855 (34.3) |
| ≥150 | 221 967 (59.0) | 59 130 (65.7) |
| Smoking status: | ||
| Current | 42 376 (11.3) | 5815 (6.5) |
| Former | 122 909 (32.7) | 33 796 (37.6) |
| Never | 209 261 (55.6) | 50 082 (55.7) |
| Missing | 1508 (0.4) | 292 (0.3) |
| Mean (SD) alcohol intake (g/week) | 80.1 (124.7) | 70.6 (102.6) |
| Healthy diet | 252 982 (67.3) | 70 854 (78.7) |
| Disease history: | ||
| Diabetes | 17 992 (4.8) | 2897 (3.2) |
| Hypertension | 192 129 (51.1) | 47 752 (53.1) |
| High cholesterol | 39 151 (10.4) | 10 074 (11.2) |
| Arthritis | 31 282 (8.3) | 15 285 (17.0) |
| Drug use: | ||
| Antihypertensive | 67 300 (17.9) | 16 184 (18.0) |
| Lipid treatment | 49 697 (13.2) | 12 518 (13.9) |
| Insulin treatment | 3747 (1.0) | 529 (0.6) |
| Aspirin | 36 769 (9.8) | 9999 (11.1) |
| Non-aspirin NSAID | 53 688 (14.3) | 17 290 (19.2) |
| Supplement use: | ||
| Vitamins | 98 997 (26.3) | 50 114 (55.7) |
| Minerals and other dietary supplements | 112 397 (29.9) | 62 832 (69.8) |
| Genetic predisposition score: | ||
| Mean (SD) CHD predisposition score* | 4.82 (0.37) | 4.82 (0.37) |
| Mean (SD) stroke predisposition score† | 1.77 (0.32) | 1.76 (0.32) |
£1.00=$1.30, €1.20.
CHD=coronary heart disease; NASID=non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
*
Data were available for 393 771 participants.
†
Data were available for 330 419 participants.