| C&D | construction and demolition |
| GGBS | granulated blast furnace slag |
| GRAC | geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete |
| NC | ordinary concrete |
| OPC | ordinary Portland cement |
| RC | recycled aggregate concrete |
| SEM | Scanning Electron Microscopy |
| XRD | X-ray diffraction |
| C&D | construction and demolition |
| GGBS | granulated blast furnace slag |
| GRAC | geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete |
| NC | ordinary concrete |
| OPC | ordinary Portland cement |
| RC | recycled aggregate concrete |
| SEM | Scanning Electron Microscopy |
| XRD | X-ray diffraction |