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Properties of the retarding water reducer. (Reproduced from the previous work [46] with permission from Elsevier).
| PH (1% Weight Solution) | Water Reducing (wt%) | Air Content (vol%) | Solid Content (wt%) | Insoluble Content (wt%) | Setting Time (min) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 ± 1 | 8 | <5.5% | ≥92 | ≤5% | >+90 |
