Table 1.
Clinical, psychological and environmental characteristics of adolescents
| N = 32 | n (%) Mean ± SD Median [Q1; Q3] |
|---|---|
| 1-Clinical characteristics | |
| Age (years) | 13.9 ± 2.0 |
| Sex | |
| Female | 12 (37.5) |
| Male | 20 (62.5) |
| Age at primary diagnosis (years)a3 | 5.8 [0.8; 10.8] |
| 0–5 years | 16 (55.2) |
| 6–10 years | 7 (24.1) |
| 11–17 years | 6 (20.7) |
| Age at CKD diagnosis (years)a1 | 8.1 [1.9; 13.1] |
| 0–5 years | 11 (35.5) |
| 6–10 years | 12 (38.7) |
| 11–17 years | 8 (25.8) |
| Delay between primary diagnosis and current HD | 8.6 [2.0; 11.7] |
| Primary diagnosis | |
| Congenital nephropathies | |
| CAKUT | 9 (28.1) |
| Hereditary nephropathies | 13 (40.6) |
| Acquired nephropathies | |
| Glomerulonephritis | 5 (15.6) |
| Vascular | 3 (9.4) |
| Unknown | 2 (6.3) |
| Medical history | |
| Renal transplantation and/or HD and/or PDb | 8 (25) |
| No | 24 (75) |
| Vascular access of HD | |
| Arteriovenous fistula | 14 (43.8) |
| Central catheter | 16 (50.0) |
| Arteriovenous fistula and central catheter | 2 (6.2) |
| Number of weekly HD sessions | 3.0 [3.0; 3.0] |
| Duration of a HD session (hour) | 4.0 [3.0; 4.0] |
| Growth failure | |
| Yes | 9 (28,1) |
| No | 23 (71.9) |
| Anaemia | |
| Yes | 23 (71,9) |
| No | 9 (28.1) |
| Number of comorbidities | 3 [2.0; 3.7] |
| Neither | 2 (6.3) |
| 1 | 5 (15.6) |
| ≥ 2 | 25 (78.1) |
| Number of treatments | 7.1 ± 1.1 |
| 2- Psychological characteristics | |
| Kidcope | |
| Distractiona7 | 20 (80) |
| Social withdrawala8 | 8 (33.3) |
| Cognitive restructuringa9 | 19 (82.6) |
| Self-criticisma10 | 7 (31.8) |
| Blaming othersa11 | 3 (14.3) |
| Problem solvinga8 | 14 (58.3) |
| Emotional regulation -a9 | 10 (43.5) |
| Emotional regulation +a9 | 15 (65.2) |
| Wishful thinkinga9 | 14 (60.9) |
| Social support a9 | 18 (78.3) |
| Resignationa9 | 21 (91.3) |
| c Active coping strategiesa7 | |
| Utilization strategy Score |
24 (96) 3.3 [2.0; 5.7] |
| d Avoidant coping strategiesa7 | |
| Utilization strategy Score |
24 (96) 3.3 [2.5; 6.2] |
| e Negative coping strategiesa10 | |
| Utilization strategy Score | 8 (36.4) 0.0 [0.0; 3.3] |
| 3-Environmental characteristics | |
| Age of parents (years)a7 | 46.5 ± 7.3 |
| Family structurea7 | |
| Not separated parents | 13 (52) |
| Separated parents | 12 (48) |
| Siblinga8 | |
| Yes | 22 (91,7) |
| No | 2 (8.3) |
| Place of residencea8 | |
| Urban | 12 (50) |
| Rural | 12 (50) |
| Time between home and HD (minutes)a9 | 60.0 [15–180] |
| < 20 min | 3 (13) |
| 20 to 60 min | 13 (56.5) |
| > 60 min | 7 (30.4) |
| Parental employmenta7 | |
| Yes | 19 (76) |
| No | 6 (24) |
| Financial situationa7 | |
| Difficulty | 13 (52) |
| Not difficulty | 12 (48) |
| Adolescent’s schoolinga7 | |
| Yes | 21 (84) |
| No | 4 (16) |
aNumber of missing data
b5 adolescents had kidney transplantation and 3 had peritoneal dialysis
c = Problem solving + emotional regulation + social support + cognitive restructuring
d = Distraction + social withdrawal + wishful thinking + resignation
e = Self-criticism + blaming others
SD standard deviation, CKD chronic kidney disease, CAKUT congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, HD haemodialysis, PD peritoneal dialysis