Table 4.

Key techniques of goal-directed fluid therapy[16,17,18,19,20,21,22]

Parameters	Technique	Surgical procedures	GDT results	Year reported
CI, SVV, SvO2, SVR	EV1000 (Edwards Life Science, USA)	Off-pump CABG	LOHS ↓ ICU stay ↓	2017[16]
SV	Transesophageal Doppler (Deltex, UK)	Colorectal surgery	Postoperative ileus: Not better	2017[17]
SVV	Vigileo/Flotrac (Edwards Life Science, USA)	Spine surgery	EBL/transfusion ↓ ICU stay ↓ Bowel function ↑	2016[18]
SVV	LidCO (UK)	Bariatric surgery	IVF ↓	2010[19]
SV, SVV	Flotrac (Edwards Life Science)	Major abdominal	Complications ↓	2017[20]
ScvO2	PreSep Oximetry (Edwards Life Science, USA)	Sepsis	Mortality ↓	2014[21]
PVI	Masimo (USA)	Roux-en-Y gastric bypass	IVF ↓	2017[22]

↓= Decrease; ↑= Increase. CI=cardiac index, SVV=stroke volume variation, SvO₂=Mixed venous oxygen saturation, SVR=Systemic vascular resistance, CABG=Coronary artery bypass graft, LOHS=Length of hospital stay, EBL=Estimated blood loss, IVF=Intravenous fluid, ScvO₂=Central venous oxygen saturation, PVI=Plethysmography variability index, ICU=Intensive Care Unit, GDT=Goal-directed fluid therapy