Table 3.
Effect of FTO gene polymorphisms in lifestyle intervention programs
| Subjects | Mean age ± SD, years | Duration | Main effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FTO: rs9939609 variant | ||||
| Children | ||||
| 280 overweight children. 154/126 w/m |
10.8 ± 2.7 | 1-year lifestyle intervention | the AA genotype + CC genotype (INSIG2) was associated with the lowest degree of overweight reduction, even with increase in overweight (p < 0.05) | Reinehr et al., 2009 [49]a |
| 640 healthy children (299/341 w/m). 324 intervention group/316 control group |
7 months to 15 years | Follow-up from 7 months to 15 years | the effects of this genotype on BMI changed over time as the children homozygous for the A-allele had progressively higher BMI (p = 0.029); AA genotype was associated with elevated serum total (p = 0.05) and LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.04); no association between FTO and weight change in a lifestyle intervention | Hakanen et al., 2009 [44] |
| Children and adults | ||||
| 207 overweight or obese children and adolescents (cases), 178 normal weight adults (controls) | cases: 10.79 ± 2.52 controls: 24.58 ± 2.56 | 12-month program (Obeldicks) | association of the A-allele with overweight and early onset obesity (p = 0.036); no association with body weight loss, glucose, triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels | Muller et al., 2008 [48]a |
| Adults | ||||
| 502 overweight subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. 337/165 w/m | TT subjects: 55.3 ± 6.9 TA subjects: 55.2 ± 7.3 AA subjects: 55.3 ± 7.1 |
4-year follow-up (diet and exercise) | AA subjects had higher BMI (p = 0.006) and WC (p = 0.025); during the follow-up, women with the AA genotype had higher BMI (p = 0.021) | Lappalainen et al., 2009 [36] |
|
Other FTO variants | ||||
| Adults | ||||
| 204 subjects with increased risk for type 2 diabetes. 122/82 w/m | AA subjects: 44.1 ± 1 CX subjects: 46.7 ± 0.9 |
9-month intervention program (exercise and diet) | C allele of rs8050136 was associated with higher BMI and higher prevalence of obesity (p < 0.0001), body fat and lean body mass at baseline (p ≤ 0.01); no influence on changes in body weight or fat distribution after 9 month intervention | Haupt et al., 2008 [30] |
INSIG2 = Insulin-induced gene-2; BP = blood pressure; w/m=women/men.
a
Subjects of these studies belongs to the same cohort.