Table 4.
Mean differences (95% CIs) of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDH cholesterol, triglycerides, glycosylated haemoglobin, blood pressure, and glucose changes over time from meta-analyses of D-PA interventions
| 3 months |
6 months |
12 months |
24 months |
36 months |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD | CI | MD | CI | MD | CI | MD | CI | MD | CI | |
| Cholesterol, mmol/l | –0.3 | –0.4, –0.1 | –0.1* | –0.3, 0.1 | –0.1* | –0.3, 0.0 | –0.1 | –0.2,0.0 | –0.2 | –0.4, 0.0 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/l | –0.1 | –0.2,0.1 | –0.1 | –0.2,0.0 | –0.2** | –0.3, 0.0 | 0.1 | –0.1,0.2 | No | data |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 0.0 | –0.1,0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0,0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0,0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0,0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0,0.1 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | –0.2 | –0.4, –0.1 | –0.1* | –0.3, 0.0 | –0.3** | –0.5, –0.1 | –0.2 | –0.4, –0.1 | –0.1 | –0.2,0.0 |
| HbA1c, % | –0.8 | –1.9, 0.3 | –0.2* | –0.5, 0.1 | –0.2 | –0.4, –0.1 | 0.0 | –0.2,0.2 | –0.2 | –0.3, –0.1 |
| DBP, mm Hg | –1.9 | –3.3, –0.6 | –2.5 | –3.3, –1.6 | –2.5 | –3.2, –1.9 | –2.7 | –3.5, –1.9 | –3.25 | –4.4, –2.1 |
| SBP, mm Hg | –5.0 | –7.0, –2.9 | –4.6** | –6.8, –2.4 | –3.7* | –5.1, –2.2 | –3.0 | –4.1, –1.9 | –2.7 | –4.1, –1.3 |
| FPG, mmol/l | 0.0 | –1.0,1.0 | –0.4 | –0.5, –2.0 | 0.1** | –0.3, 0.2 | 0.1** | –0.5, 0.4 | –0.1 | –0.2,0.0 |
MD = Mean difference; CI = confidence interval; LDL cholesterol = low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL cholesterol = high density lipoprotein cholesterol; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; SBP = systolic blood pressure; FPG = fasting plasma glucose.
I2 > 25%,
I2 > 50%.
N studies (participants) for total cholesterol: 5 (700), 7 (1,017), 10 (1,537), 5 (730), and 1 (434) at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months.
N studies (participants) for LDL cholesterol: 5 (698), 6 (897), 8 (900), and 3 (430) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months.
N studies (participants) for HDL cholesterol: 5 (700), 7 (1,014), 10, (1,532), 1 (63), and 1 (434) at 3, 6, 24, and 36 months.
N studies (participants) for HbA1c: 2 (359), 5 (583), 6 (1,123), 1 (61), 2 (113), and 1 (459) at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.
N studies (participants) for triglycerides: 5 (701), 6 (898), 9 (1,430), 4 (676), and 1 (434) at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.
N studies (participants) for DBP: 4 (587), 7 (1,166), 9 (3,462), 4 (2,303), and 1 (2,161) at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.
N studies (participants) for SBP: 4 (587), 7 (1,175), 9 (3,462), 4 (2,303), and 1 (2,161) at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.
N studies (participants) for FBP: 1 (241), 3 (198), 6 (804), (3 (623), and 1 (434) at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.