Table 5.
Mean difference (95% CIs) of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDH cholesterol, triglycerides, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, and glucose changes over time from meta-analyses of D-only interventions
| 3 months |
6 months |
12 months |
24 months |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD | CI | MD | CI | MD | CI | MD | CI | |
| Cholesterol, mmol/l | –0.3 | –0.4, –0.2 | –0.3** | –0.6,0.1 | –0.1** | –0.4, 0.2 | –0.3 | –0.6,0.0 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/l | –0.1 | –0.3, 0.0 | –0.1** | –0.4, 0.3 | –0.1** | –0.5, 0.3 | –0.2 | –0.5, 0.1 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 0.0 | –0.03, 0.02 | 0.0** | –0.1,0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0,0.1 | 0.0 | –0.1,0.1 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | –0.3* | –0.6, –0.1 | –0.3 | –0.5, 0.0 | –0.1 | –0.4, 0.2 | –0.3 | –1.3, 0.6 |
| HbA1c, % | –0.2** | –0.5, 0.1 | –0.3** | –0.7, 0.0 | –0.1 | –0.2,0.0 | 0.00 | –0.2,0.2 |
| DBP, mm Hg | –0.8 | –2.2, 0.5 | –1.8 | –3.5 –0.1 | –0.9 | –2.4, 0.5 | 1.0 | –2.8, 4.8 |
| SBP, mm Hg | –2.9 | –5.1, –0.7 | –4.2 | –7.9, –0.5 | –0.3 | –2.9, 2.3 | 0.7 | –4.6, 6.0 |
| FPG, mmol/l | –0.8 | –2.0, 0.4 | –0.3 | –0.5, –0.1 | –0.3 | –1.1, 0.5 | 0.1 | –0.3, 0.5 |
MD = Mean difference; CI = confidence interval; LDL cholesterol = low density lipoprotein cholesterol;
HDL cholesterol = high density lipoprotein cholesterol; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; SBP = systolic blood pressure; FPG = fasting plasma glucose.
* I2 > 25%,
I2 > 50%.
N studies (participants) for total cholesterol: 3 (458), 3 (329), 5 (496), and 1 (66) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months.
N studies (participants) for LDL cholesterol: 2 (185), 3 (329), 4 (332), and 1 (66) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months.
N studies (participants) for HDL cholesterol: 2 (285), 3 (325), 4, (332), and 1 (66) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months.
N studies (participants) for triglycerides: 2 (285), 3 (329), 4 (332), and 1 (66) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months.
N studies (participants) for HbA1c: 4 (602), 4 (464), 3 (411), and 1 (66) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months.
N studies (participants) for DBP: 2 (285), 3 (360), 3 (312), and 1 (66) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months.
N studies (participants) for SBP: 2 (285), 3 (360), 3 (312), and 1 (66) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months.
N studies (participants) for FBP: 2 (285), 3 (329), 4 (332), and 1 (66) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months.