Table 1.
Characterisation of the study population according to age, nutritional status, and pubertal stage (Mann-Whitney U-test; median (IQR) and chi-square test (%))
| Females (n = 91) | Males (n = 89) | |
|---|---|---|
| Physical characteristics and body composition | ||
| Age, years | 13.3 (10.0–16.4) | 13.7 (10.0–16.8) |
| Weight, kg | 46.1 (33.3–60.2) | 52.8 (37.2–67.5) |
| Height, m | 1.59 (1.42–1.69) | 1.64 (1.45–1.77)** |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 19.1 (16.5–21.0) | 19.7 (17.1–21.5) |
| BMI-SDSa | –0.02 (–0.49–0.68) | 0.04 (–0.53–0.84) |
| FM, % | 18.7 (14.4–24.7) | 13.0 (8.3–19.8)*** |
| FFM, kg | 38.7 (27.6–46.6) | 42.5 (30.2–60.3)** |
| Waist circumferences, cm | ||
| WCR | 64.4 (58.5–69.5) | 69.5 (62.5–74.2)** |
| WC4 | 64.6 (58.5–70.5) | 70.2 (61.6–75.0)** |
| WCM | 67.1 (60.1–73.5) | 71.2 (62.6–75.9) |
| WCC | 71.5 (63.1–80.0) | 74.2 (64.1–80.0) |
| Hip circumference, cm | 87.4 (73.0–95.5) | 84.0 (75.4–93.1) |
| Waist to hip ratios | ||
| WCR/hip ratio | 0.76 (0.72–0.81) | 0.82 (0.80–0.85)*** |
| WC4/hip ratio | 0.77 (0.73–0.81) | 0.83 (0.80–0.86)*** |
| WCM/hip ratio | 0.79 (0.76–0.83) | 0.83 (0.81–0.86)*** |
| WCC/hip ratio | 0.84 (0.81–0.87) | 0.87 (0.84–0.90)** |
| Pubertal stage, % | ||
| I | 37.4 | 37.1 |
| II | 5.5 | 10.1 |
| III | 9.9 | 9.0 |
| IV | 27.5 | 28.1 |
| V | 19.8 | 15.7 |
FFM = Fat free mass; FM = fat mass; SDS = standard deviation score; WCC = waist circumference assessed above the iliac crest; WC4 = waist circumference assessed 4 cm above the umbilicus; WCM = waist circumference assessed midway between the lowest rib and the iliac crest; WCR = waist circumference assessed beneath the lowest rib.
**
p < 0.01;
***
p < 0.001: significant difference between genders.
a
n = 88 (females) and n = 83 (males)