. 2008 Oct 23;1(5):243–249. doi: 10.1159/000157248

Table 3.

Paired comparison of 4 waist circumference measurement sites and gender differences (mean ± SD (range))

	Females (n = 91)	Males (n = 89)
WCM-WCR, cm	2.8 ± 2.8 (–1.8–12.9)^***	1.2 ± 1.8 (-2.1–10.2)^*** ^#
WCM-WC4, cm	2.4 ± 2.7 (–1.7–11.9)^***	0.53 ± 1.6 (-4.1–5.0)^** ^#
WCM-WCC, cm	–4.6 ± 2.8 (–14.9–0.8)^***	–2.9 ± 2.1 (–10.8–1.8)^*** ^#
WCR-WC4, cm	–0.41 ± 1.6 (–6.7–3.0)^*	–0.63 ± 1.7 (–8.0–3.3)^**
WCR-WCC, cm	–7.3 ± 4.2 (–17.0–0.0)^***	–4.1 ± 3.0 (–15.8–1.5)^***^#
WCC-WC4, cm	6.9 ± 4.1 (–1.0–16.2)^***	3.4 ± 2.8 (–2.4–13.4)^*** ^#

WCC = Waist circumference assessed above the iliac crest; WC4 = waist circumference assessed 4 cm above the umbilicus; WCM = waist circumference assessed midway between the lowest rib and the iliac crest; WCR = waist circumference assessed beneath the lowest rib.

p < 0.05;

^**

p < 0.01;

^***

p < 0.001: significant different from 0 (t-test).

p < 0.001: significant difference between genders (Mann-Whitney U-Test).