. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Foreign Lang Ann. 2018 Aug 14;51(3):596–616. doi: 10.1111/flan.12349

Table 4.

Results of hierarchical multiple regression predicting Cantonese reading, writing, listening and speaking score

	Predictors	Reading		Writing		Listening		Speaking
		ΔR²	ΔF	ΔR²	ΔF	ΔR²	ΔF	ΔR²	ΔF
Step 1	Grade	.06	3.25	.01	.50	.03	2.04	.01	.27
Step 2	Gender	.16	11.19^**	.08	5.04^*	.02	.87	.15	8.99^**
Step 3	Heritage language status	.09	6.69^*	.06	4.04	.26	21.19^***	.03	1.53
Step 4a	Attitudes towards learning Cantonese	.002	.12	.005	0.32	.03	2.61	.05	3.35
Step 4b	Attitudes towards the focal school	.09	8.26^**	.02	1.48	.07	6.18^*	.10	6.89^*
R²		.40		.18		.41		.34

p<.05,

^**

p<.01,

^***

p<.001