Table 1.
Comparison of Baseline Characteristics Between People Living with HIV and HIV-Uninfected Groups (Median Values [Interquartile Range])
| Variables | PLWH, n = 128 | HIV uninfected, n = 48 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 48.98 (43.25–54.91) | 49.78 (41.7–54.07) | .562 |
| Male (%) | 105 (82) | 23 (48) | <.001 |
| African American (%) | 89 (70) | 26 (54) | .084 |
| Family history of diabetes mellitus (%) | 55 (43) | 13 (27) | .138 |
| Family history of hypertension (%) | 87 (69) | 30 (63) | .577 |
| Current smoking (%) | 75 (59) | 30 (64) | .084 |
| Alcohol (%) | 52 (48) | 18 (49) | .961 |
| Current marijuana use (%) | 31 (28) | 6 (16) | .083 |
| Current cocaine use (%) | 7 (6) | 0 (0) | .025 |
| Cardiovascular disease risk factors | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.08 (23.29–30.55) | 27.03 (24.18–30.0) | .61 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.96 (0.9–1.01) | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) | .004 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131.5 (120.0–142.0) | 132.0 (120.75–140.5) | .571 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82.5 (77.0–89.0) | 81.0 (76.0–87.25) | .732 |
| Framingham score | 4 (2–8) | 3 (1–7) | .078 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 168.0 (143.75–193.0) | 186.0 (161.5–213.25) | .004 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 48.0 (40.5–59.5) | 53.5 (43.0–66.25) | .04 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 88.5 (71.0–108.0) | 106.0 (82.75–131.25) | .002 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 107.0 (81.75–166) | 85.5 (64.75–115) | .004 |
| Pro-BNP (pg/mL) | 30 (15.25–64) | 44.5 (21.75–82.75) | .064 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.46 (1.41–4.28) | 2.09 (1.63–3.14) | .365 |
| Systemic markers of inflammation | |||
| IP-10 (pg/mL) | 141.67 (84.95–235.46) | 58.77 (34.26–87.16) | <.001 |
| Lp-PLA (ng/mL) | 163 (133–198.25) | 169.5 (143–190.75) | .943 |
| IL-6 (μg/mL) | 2.19 (1.35–3.18) | 1.66 (1.08–2.8) | .101 |
| hs-CRP (μg/mL) | 1727.01 (403.55–4376.33) | 1430.1 (599.08–3535.84) | .995 |
| Oxidized LDL (U/L) | 43.45 (34.25–54.14) | 47.17 (38.87–66.04) | .062 |
| sTNFR-I (pg/mL) | 766.47 (536.91–1118.53) | 719.03 (575.81–966) | .126 |
| sTNFR-II (pg/mL) | 2482.08 (2075.65–3224.77) | 2144.11 (1908.8–2818.78) | .049 |
| D-dimer (μg/mL) | 292.74 (179.87–524.6) | 419.76 (245.74–568.06) | .05 |
| sVCAM-1 (pg/mL) | 762.35 (627.44–928.01) | 753.68 (594.98–920.18) | .55 |
| Markers of innate and cellular immune activation | |||
| sCD14 (ng/mL) | 1359 (843–2010) | 1396 (579–1920) | .337 |
| sCD163 (ng/mL) | 676.08 (427.7–954.32) | 746.83 (504.46–1221.05) | .183 |
| CD4+CD38+DR+ (%) | 4.54 (3.21–6.29) | 3.11 (2.3–3.96) | <.001 |
| CD8+CD38+DR+ (%) | 8.02 (4.64–10.83) | 3.9 (2.72–5.31) | <.001 |
| HIV variables | |||
| Current CD4 count (cells/μL) | 710 (537.75–932.75) | ||
| Viral load (copies/mL) | 20 (20–20) | ||
| Nadir CD4 count (cells/μL) | 176 (57.75–302.5) | ||
| ART duration (months) | 113.31 (64–168.61) | ||
| Fungal markers of translocation | |||
| BDG (pg/mL) | 149.22 (119.78–200.76) | 166.13 (142.54–205.76) | .05 |
| ASCA IgG (U/mL) | 5.97 (2.88–13.28) | 6.02 (4.33–11.39) | .747 |
| ASCA IgA (U/mL) | 3.3 (1.91–6.48) | 3.08 (1.91–5.89) | .757 |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; ASCA, anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IP-10, interferon-γ-inducible protein 10; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PLWH, people living with HIV; sTNFR, soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptors; sVCAM-1; soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.