Table 1.
Total sperm counts in D10/D11 mutant male C. elegans that were previously subjected to an STS stress
| Strains and genes | Total sperm count (mean ± SD, n = 8–12) | Required for STS stress‐preserved spermatogenesis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D2 | D10 (or D11 for ts strains) | |||||
| F | MS | YS | 2S | |||
| Wild‐type | ||||||
| N2(22°C) | 1,319 ± 280 | 482 ± 306 | 746 ± 237 | 811 ± 381 | 990 ± 349a,* | Control |
| N2(treated as for ts mutants) | 1,835 ± 436b | 999 ± 359 | 1,260 ± 250 | 1,962 ± 563*** | 2,247 ± 677*** | Control |
| Promotion of meiotic entryc | ||||||
|
BS14 gld‐1(q266)/nDf24 |
1,967 ± 459 | 325 ± 275 | 569 ± 251 | 787 ± 388* | 1,549 ± 373*** | No |
|
RB1181 gld‐2(ok1117) |
1,520 ± 395 | 292 ± 234 | 421 ± 218 | 562 ± 201* | 820 ± 398** | No |
|
WM100 cks‐1(ne549)(ts) |
1,887 ± 332 | 796 ± 225 | 887 ± 302 | 937 ± 166 | 1,317 ± 492** | No |
| Regulation of meiotic progression | ||||||
|
WM99 cdk‐1(ne2257)(ts) |
1,745 ± 208 | 2,351 ± 621 | 2,689 ± 367 | 2,603 ± 694 | 2,469 ± 403 | Yes |
|
EU1441 plk‐1(or683)(ts) |
2,111 ± 383 | 2,775 ± 702 | 2,546 ± 374 | 2,557 ± 347 | 2,263 ± 349* | Yes |
| Chromosome homolog pairing | ||||||
|
CA324 zim‐1(tm1813) |
1,345 ± 348 | 1,232 ± 417 | 1,081 ± 310 | 968 ± 447 | 998 ± 436 | Yes |
| Meiotic recombination (chromosome stability and segregation fidelity) | ||||||
|
CE1255 cep‐1(ep347) |
1,133 ± 299 | 748 ± 340 | 861 ± 282 | 1,097 ± 344** | 1,182 ± 305** | No |
| Meiotic anaphase initiation—APC/C complex for ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis | ||||||
|
HY604
mat‐1(ye121)(ts) |
1,915 ± 452 | 2,551 ± 650 | 2,571 ± 624 | 2,455 ± 565 | 2,621 ± 590 | Yes |
|
DS98
mat‐2(ax102)(ts) |
859 ± 211 | 1,150 ± 268 | 805 ± 219 | 1,068 ± 340 | 785 ± 165 | Yes |
|
HY601 mat‐3(or344))(ts) |
844 ± 169 | 484 ± 263 | 398 ± 208 | 288 ± 160* | 190 ± 114*** | Yes |
|
MJ57 emb‐1(hc57)(ts) |
882 ± 221 | 189 ± 152 | 210 ± 132 | 206 ± 181 | 172 ± 157 | Yes |
|
HY621 emb‐27(ye143)(ts) |
1,233 ± 259 | 1,785 ± 410 | 1,994 ± 531 | 1,981 ± 615 | 1,815 ± 474 | Yes |
|
DG627 emb‐30(tn377)(ts) |
314 ± 87 | 427 ± 100 | 354 ± 100 | 435 ± 132 | 423 ± 123 | Yes |
|
RB622 fzr‐1(ok380) |
1,420 ± 330 | 682 ± 216 | 698 ± 341 | 713 ± 223 | 749 ± 318 | Yes |
|
VC147 apc‐10 & tag‐31(gk143) |
410 ± 230 | 138 ± 132 | 218 ± 220 | 270 ± 297 | 423 ± 246* | No |
| Meiotic anaphase initiation—non‐APC/C complex for ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis | ||||||
|
DW102 brc‐1(tm1145) |
2,091 ± 296 | 1,114 ± 480 | 737 ± 271* | 714 ± 337* | 863 ± 265 | Yes |
|
EU640 cul‐2(or209)(ts) |
1,557 ± 576 | 1,192 ± 465 | 999 ± 331 | 1,808 ± 579** | 1,941 ± 689** | No |
| Meiotic spindle formation | ||||||
|
EU2697 mei‐1(or1178)(ts) |
1,621 ± 404 | 1,919 ± 510 | 1,821 ± 394 | 1,907 ± 326 | 2,540 ± 416** | No |
| Meiotic division | ||||||
|
RB647 cdc‐25.3(ok358) |
1,952 ± 490 | 1,867 ± 646 | 1,519 ± 422 | 1,616 ± 599 | 1,614 ± 411 | Yes |
| Meiotic maturation (of oocytes) | ||||||
|
RB1103 ceh‐18(ok1082) |
779 ± 193 | 254 ± 100 | 361 ± 156 | 324 ± 156 | 434 ± 212** | No |
| Meiotic maturation (spermatocyte cytoskeletal protein) | ||||||
|
BA821 spe‐26(hc138)(ts) |
549 ± 200 | 490 ± 158 | 341 ± 220 | 243 ± 173*** | 196 ± 116*** | Yes |
D2: day 2; F: fed control; MS: starvation at mid‐stage; ts: temperature‐sensitive strains; YS: starvation at early stage; 2S: twice starvation (see Methods and Materials).
a
Total sperm counts are presented as mean ± SD, n = 10–15.
b
Culture at low temperature (15°C) increases sperm number in male worms.
c
References for each gene used in this study are listed in Supporting Information Table S1.
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001, two‐tailed Student's t test, compared to the F group of D10 or D11 worms of the same strain.