Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Schematic representations of longitudinal models. a Cholesky decomposition including correlations of additive genetic (r_A) and unique environmental factors (r_E). b Simplex model including additive genetic and unique environmental innovations (ζ_A1–ζ_A3 and ζ_E1–ζ_E3, respectively) and transmissions (β_A1–β_A2 and β_E1–β_E2, respectively) and random errors (ε). c Latent growth curve model including intercept (α) and slope (β) of regression line and genetic (r_A) and environmental correlations (r_E) between them.