Table 1.

Description of demographic and clinical characteristics of study subjects. Values are expressed as means ± standard errors of the mean (SEM)

		Idiopathic
	Control			Secondary
		Low D	Normal D
Sample size	n= 30	n= 45	n= 22	n= 20
Age (years)	26.93 ± 1.277	31.93 ± 0.7838		28.75 ± 1.405
Income (<300, 300-600, 600-1000, >1000)	(27%, 53%, 13%, 7%)	(16%, 73%, 7%, 4%)	(32%, 50%, 9%, 9%)	(25%, 55%, 5%, 15%)
Smoking (never smoked, smoker, ex-smoker)	(53%, 40%, 7%)	(38%, 51%, 11%)	(41%, 45%, 14%)	(50%, 50%, 0%)
Baseline vitamin D level (ng/mL)	21.27 ± 1.729	12.56 ± 0.7800	23.55 ± 1.119	25.91 ± 1.415
Vitamin D level after treatment (ng/mL)	-	38.45 ± 1.464	-	-
Baseline sperm concentration (million/mL)	61.77 ± 7.538	20.94 ± 4.270	15.58 ± 2.623	61.05 ± 8.103
Sperm concentration after treatment (million/mL)	-	25.15 ± 4.892	-	-
Baseline progressive motility (%)	48.37 ± 2.330	17.80 ± 1.936	15.43 ± 2.644	45.35 ± 3.089
Progressive motility after treatment (%)	-	27.94 ± 3.533	-	-
Baseline total motility (%)	53.50 ± 2.350	25.40 ± 2.153	21.74 ± 2.874	52.85 ± 2.924
Total motility after treatment (%)	-	35.76 ± 3.611	-	-
Baseline Morphology (%)	14.63 ± 1.031	6.556 ± 0.6494	7.091 ± 1.374	20.45 ± 2.083
Morphology after treatment (%)	-	8.176 ± 0.9417	-	-