Table 2.
The baseline experimental characteristics and demographic variables
| Characteristics | Control group | Obese group | P value |
| Female/male | 20 /15 | 22/13 | n.s. |
| Age (years) | 11.42 ± 2.18 | 10.95 ± 2.73 | n.s. |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.41 ± 2.64 | 28.12 ± 5.7 | < 0.001 |
| BMI z-score | 0.683 ± 0.91 | 2.09 ± 0.45 | < 0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 61.65 ± 6.57 | 84.80 ± 13.45 | < 0.001 |
| WC-SD | -0.44 ± 0.8 | 1.55 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
| HC (cm) | 78.37 ± 8.1 | 97.62 ± 13.62 | < 0.001 |
| WHR | 0.78 ± 0.47 | 0.87 ± 0.89 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 95.43 ± 11.96 | 101.14 ± 14.50 | < 0.001 |
| SPB-SD | -0.69 ± 1.1 | -0.33 ± 1.3 | n.s. |
| DBP (mmHg) | 68.57 ± 8.7 | 72.57 ± 12.21 | < 0.001 |
| DBP-SD | 0.73 ± 0.7 | 0.71 ± 1.3 | n.s. |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 90.0 ± 4.92 | 92.05 ± 6.54 | < 0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 73.94 ± 31.93 | 126.6 ± 69.0 | 0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 148.65 ± 19.06 | 171.54 ± 24.97 | 0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 75.80 ± 13.14 | 92.48 ± 16.81 | 0.024 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 54.60 ± 7.50 | 47.65 ± 9.5 | 0.036 |
| Insulin (μIU/dL) | 7.74 ± 10.13 | 19.77 ± 9.64 | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.75 ± 2.40 | 4.50 ± 2.22 | < 0.001 |
| Visfatin (ng/mL) | 1.49 ± 0.87 | 2.08 ± 1.033 | < 0.001 |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD. BMI: body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WC-SD, waist circumference standard deviation; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.