Table 1.

Characteristics of participants at earlier exam by quartiles of longitudinal change in galectin-3

	Quartile 1	Quartile 2	Quartile 3	Quartile 4	Total	P-value*
	n=619	n=619	n=620	n=619	n=2477
Age, years	55±8	56±8	57±9	59±9	57±9	<0.0001
Female	330 (53)	341 (55)	351 (57)	338 (55)	1360 (55)	0.70
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	122±16	125±17	128±18	131±20	126±18	<0.0001
Antihypertensive treatment	108 (18)	117 (19)	168 (27)	197 (32)	590 (24)	<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus	24 (4)	27 (4)	46 (7)	81 (13)	178 (7)	<0.0001
Body mass index, kg/m2	27±5	27±5	28±5	29±5	28±5	<0.0001
Cholesterol, mg/dL	208±38	206±37	205±38	206±3 8	206±105	0.12
HDL, mg/dL	52±17	52±16	53±16	51±16	52±16	0.50
Smoking	79 (13)	100 (16)	79 (13)	95±15	353 (14)	0.19
Left ventricular hypertrophy	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	2 (0.3)	3 (0.5)	7 (0.3)	0.76
eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2	98±146	92±49	91±39	89±38	92±82	0.31
Prevalent CKD	24 (4)	29 (5)	48 (8)	46 (7)	147 (6)	0.005
Prevalent CVD	14 (2)	19 (3)	19 (3)	36 (6)	88 (4)	0.004
Prevalent HF	2 (0.3)	1 (0.2)	0 (0)	3 (0.5)	6 (0.2)	0.34
Prevalent AF	10 (2)	7 (1)	8 (1)	15 (2)	40 (2)	0.27

Data shown are means±Standard Deviation for continuous variable and N (%) for binary variables Median (25^th, 75^th percentiles) for Gal-3 levels for each quartile were: Quartile 1: −3.4 (−4.4,−2.7) ng/ml, Quartile 2: −1.5 (−2.0,−1.1) ng/ml, Quartile 3: 0 (−0.4,0.4) ng/ml, Quartile 4: 2.4 (1.5,4) ng/ml, Total: −0.8 (−2.3,0.9) ng/ml.

HDL, high-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glumerular filtration rate; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HF, heart failure; AF, atrial fibrillation

^*P-values derive from statistical tests of equal means (or proportions) across quartiles using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical characteristics.