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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Regen Eng Transl Med. 2018 Oct 23;5(1):74–85.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

VSMCs release EVs that initiate and propagate vascular calcification in the ECM. Upregulated levels of Runx2, annexins, Ca2+, and inorganic phosphate (Pi) promote calcification. Low levels of calcification inhibitor MGP is found in calcifying VSMCs