Terre 2015.
Methods | Computerised randomisation Double‐blinded study Outcome assessors blinded |
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Participants | Study completed in Spain 20 participants with neurological oropharyngeal dysphagia (14 stroke participants in the posterior circulation; 6 with traumatic brain injury) Baseline characteristics similar between groups All within 5 months of diagnosis Dysphagia identified by videofluoroscopy and Functional Oral Intake Scale |
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Interventions | Rx: active NMES with conventional therapy C: sham NMES with conventional therapy |
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Outcomes | Clinical, videofluoroscopic, and oesophageal manometric analyses of swallow; Functional Oral Intake Scale | |
Notes | Exclusion: previous stroke or traumatic brain injury, previous dysphagia secondary to any other etiology, other metabolic or neurological disease | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Computerised randomisation |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Unclear |
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Double‐blinded |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Participants and assessors blinded |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Assessors blinded |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Unclear |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All outcomes reported |
Other bias | Low risk | None identified |