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. 2018 Oct 30;2018(10):CD000323. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000323.pub3

Terre 2015.

Methods Computerised randomisation
Double‐blinded study
Outcome assessors blinded
Participants Study completed in Spain
20 participants with neurological oropharyngeal dysphagia (14 stroke participants in the posterior circulation; 6 with traumatic brain injury)
Baseline characteristics similar between groups
All within 5 months of diagnosis
Dysphagia identified by videofluoroscopy and Functional Oral Intake Scale
Interventions Rx: active NMES with conventional therapy
C: sham NMES with conventional therapy
Outcomes Clinical, videofluoroscopic, and oesophageal manometric analyses of swallow; Functional Oral Intake Scale
Notes Exclusion: previous stroke or traumatic brain injury, previous dysphagia secondary to any other etiology, other metabolic or neurological disease
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Low risk Computerised randomisation
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Unclear
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk Double‐blinded
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk Participants and assessors blinded
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk Assessors blinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Unclear
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Low risk All outcomes reported
Other bias Low risk None identified