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| Methods | Randomised, open label |
| Participants | 200 people post stroke |
| Interventions | Group 1: lingual press (high‐intensity, oral, non‐swallowing) Group 2: effortful swallowing (high‐intensity swallowing) Group 3: natural swallowing (high‐frequency, low‐intensity swallowing) Group 4: non‐oral sham (control) exercise |
| Outcomes | Composite score of PAS and Residue Scale with no worsening of either at baseline, week 4, and week 8 |
| Notes | Study completed; awaiting published data |
