Smith 2013.

Trial name or title	NEXT: Comparison of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for extubated patients who fail a single spontaneous breathing trial versus conventional weaning
Methods	RCT (n = 8) Stopped early because of the need to fulfil clinical requirements at another hospital
Participants	Inclusion criteria: 1. Participants will have to meet the criteria for reducing breathing support—will not be weaned until physiologically ready 2. Participants will have to be on a breathing machine attached to a tube in the mouth for at least 48 hours (participants who are on a breathing machine for < 48 hours are not seen as difficult to wean from a ventilator) 3. Age > 18 years—participant should be able to make own legal judgements regarding treatment 4. Written informed consent obtained 5. Failed an attempt to try breathing without help Exclusion criteria: 1. Participants are generally not suitable for NIV (grade 3/4 intubation) 2. Gastric/oesophageal surgery on this admission 3. Participants who would not be ready for reintubation once extubated (by investigator decision????)
Interventions	Noninvasive positive‐pressure ventilation versus conventional weaning
Outcomes	Primary outcome: duration of time with breathing support tube in the mouth in days Secondary outcomes: length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital stay in days
Starting date	13 March 2006
Contact information	Dr Fang Gao Department of Anaesthetics, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Bordelsey Green East, Birmingham, UK
Notes

MV: mechanical ventilation; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; PaO₂/FiO₂: ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fractional concentration of inspired oxygen; PEEP: positive end‐expiratory pressure; SBT: spontaneous breathing trial; PS: pressure support; NPPV: noninvasive positive‐pressure ventilation; VAP: ventilator‐associated pneumonia; ICU: intensive care unit; LOS: length of stay.