Table 2.

Adjusted associations between food security and substance use outcome categories.

	Any illicit substance usea			Cannabis useb			Stimulant usec			Opioid used			Prescription drug misusee
	aOR	95% CI	P-value	aOR	95% CI	P-value	aOR	95% CI	P-value	aOR	95% CI	P-value	aOR	95% CI	P-value
Current Food Security (high ref)
Marginal FS	1.46	0.94, 2.25	0.089	1.61	1.12, 2.32	0.011	1.44	0.90, 2.30	0.133	1.45	0.59, 3.56	0.424	1.79	0.88, 3.65	0.110
Low FS	1.59	1.02, 2.46	0.039	1.66	1.14, 2.43	0.008	1.68	1.05, 2.69	0.030	2.70	1.17, 6.24	0.020	1.73	0.86, 3.49	0.124
Very Low FS	2.48	1.52, 4.04	<0.001	2.02	1.27, 3.21	0.003	3.31	1.98, 5.54	<0.001	5.33	2.15, 13.17	<0.001	2.13	0.92, 4.91	0.078
Previous Food Security (high ref)
Marginal FS	1.66	1.08, 2.54	0.020	0.80	0.56, 1.16	0.2 50	1.39	0.88, 2.22	0.161	1.48	0.62, 3.53	0.372	1.23	0.61, 2.49	0.569
Low FS	1.77	1.14, 2.74	0.011	1.49	1.02, 2.18	0.037	1.68	1.05, 2.68	0.031	1.48	0.63, 3.51	0.370	1.39	0.69, 2.80	0.353
Very Low FS	2.28	1.43, 3.64	<0.001	1.38	0.88, 2.17	0.160	1.83	1.11, 3.00	0.018	1.89	0.77, 4.63	0.166	0.99	0.44, 2.27	0.990
HIV-seropositive	0.31	0.19, 0.50	<0.001	0.27	0.16, 0.45	<0.001	0.40	0.24, 0.67	0.001	0.55	0.19, 1.63	0.283	0.33	0.17, 0.66	0.002
Age at Visit	1.00	0.98, 1.03	0.180	0.93	0.90, 0.95	0.016	1.02	0.99, 1.05	0.248	0.99	0.94, 1.05	0.137	0.97	0.94, 1.01	0.151
Race/Ethnicity (White ref.)
Hispanic	0.11	0.041, 0.29	<0.001	0.11	0.04, 0.32	<0.001	0.27	0.10, 0.77	0.014	0.16	0.019, 1.33	0.090	0.07	0.021, 0.25	<0.001
African American/ Black	0.30	0.15, 0.62	0.001	0.37	0.16, 0.87	0.023	0.71	0.32, 1.57	0.398	0.29	0.061, 1.41	0.126	0.08	0.032, 0.19	<0.001
Other	0.44	0.12, 1.64	0.220	0.41	0.09, 1.80	0.240	0.93	0.23, 3.71	0.916	1.11	0.080, 15.35	0.938	0.36	0.083, 1.60	0.181
Income (≤$12,000 ref)
$12,001 -$24,000	0.33	0.21, 0.51	<0.001	0.63	0.44, 0.89	0.010	0.38	0.23, 0.61	<0.001	0.29	0.10, 0.84	0.022	0.36	0.16, 0.78	0.010
≥$24,001	0.32	0.19, 0.54	<0.001	0.40	0.26, 0.63	<0.001	0.33	0.19, 0.58	<0.001	0.48	0.15, 1.54	0.219	0.65	0.31, 1.35	0.245
<High School Education	0.72	0.45, 1.17	0.140	0.54	0.32, 0.89	0.670	0.74	0.45, 1.23	0.232	0.45	0.16, 1.29	0.922	1.71	0.82, 3.56	0.064
Homeless/Marginally housed	1.98	0.80, 4.92	0.730	1.24	0.45, 3.42	<0.001	1.79	0.69,4.65	0.224	1.09	0.19, 6.38	0.769	3.60	0.93 –13.94	0.108
Child Dependents	0.43	0.28, 0.66	<0.001	0.90	0.63, 1.30	0.580	0.42	0.27, 0.66	<0.001	0.34	0.13, 0.86	0.022	0.75	0.39, 1.45	0.395
Baseline Physical Health Score	0.59	0.47, 0.74	<0.001	0.46	0.36, 0.60	<0.001	0.61	0.48, 0.77	<0.001	0.54	0.33, 0.88	0.013	0.64	0.46, 0.89	0.008
Insurance Status	0.44	0.25, 0.77	0.005	0.97	0.55, 1.68	0.900	0.38	0.21, 0.69	0.001	1.16	0.32, 4.20	0.824	0.70	0.30, 1.65	0.420
Person-Visits	8,340			8,336			8, 336			8, 335			8, 338
Unique WIHS Women	2,253			2,253			2, 253			2, 253			2, 253

^aUse of crack, cocaine, speedball, methamphetamine, heroin, methadone in a non-prescribed way, prescription narcotics in a non-prescribed way, prescription amphetamines in a non-prescribed way, prescription tranquilizers in a non-prescribed way, hallucinogens, club drugs, or any other illicit substances.

^bLicit or illicit use of marijuana or hashish.

^cUse of crack, cocaine, speedball, or methamphetamine.

^dUse of heroin, speedball, or methadone in a non-prescribed way.

^eUse of prescription narcotics, prescription amphetamines, or prescription tranquilizers in a non-prescribed way.