| Methods |
Double‐blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.
Randomisation method: not stated.
Four patients withdrew from study.
No details about intention to treat analysis or power calculation. |
| Participants |
67 patients undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery.
Exclusions: respiratory insufficiency, hepatic or renal impairment and abuse of alcohol or drugs. |
| Interventions |
Rx 1: ketorolac 12.5 mg/h IM infusion for 30 minutes during surgery then 2.5 mg/h for 47.5 hours, with normal saline injections every 4 hours
Rx 2: ketorolac 10 mg every 4 hours IM for 48 hours, first dose during surgery.
Pl: Intermittent and continuous infusions of saline to match other groups |
| Outcomes |
Pre‐operative and post‐operative creatinine clearance, urine output, sodium output, potassium output |
| Notes |
|
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
B ‐ Unclear |
