| Methods |
Blinding not stated.
Randomised controlled trial.
Randomisation method: not stated.
No patients withdrew from study.
No details about intention to treat analysis or power calculation. |
| Participants |
40 patients (18 to 70 years) undergoing major elective abdominal surgery.
Exclusions: renal disease, hepatic disease, coagulopathy, history of allergy to NSAIDs or peptic ulcer. |
| Interventions |
Rx 1: 30 mg ketorolac IV at induction, 30 mg IV at skin closure then 30 mg IV every 6 hours for 48 hours.
Rx 2: 30 mg ketorolac IV at skin closure then 30 mg IV every 6 hours for 48 hours. |
| Outcomes |
Pre‐operative and post‐operative serum creatinine. |
| Notes |
Article in Italian. |
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
B ‐ Unclear |
