Summary of findings 6. Hypnosis compared to relaxation control for chronic pain in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
| Hypnosis compared to relaxation/control for chronic pain in MS | |||
| Patient or population: chronic pain in MS Setting: MS clinics Intervention: hypnosis Comparison: relaxation/control | |||
| Outcomes | Impact | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) |
| Reduction in pain intensity assessed with: Average Pain Intensity, Daily Pain Intensity (Numeric Rating Scale) | Statistically significant changes pre and post treatment for hypnosis group but not in progressive relaxation group. Statistically significant decrease in daily/average pain scores for the self hypnosis group but not significant in the progressive muscle relaxation group (Jensen 2009). | 22 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW1 ,2 |
| Reduction in pain interference assessed with: BPI | Statistically significant change pre to post treatment in the hypnosis group but not in the progressive relaxation group (Jensen 2009). | 22 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW1, 2 |
| BPI: Brief Pain Inventory | |||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect | |||
1 Downgraded two levels due to high risk for bias (the singular study did not describe whether blinding had occurred for participants)
2 Downgraded two levels due to high risk for imprecision (singular study of small sample size)