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. 2018 Nov 15;2018(11):CD003402. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003402.pub3

5. Maternal ethnicity.

Study ID Omega‐3 No omega‐3
Ali 2017 Not reported (study conducted in Egypt)
Bergmann 2007 "Caucasian women"
Bisgaard 2016 Caucasian:
333 (96.2%)		 Caucasian:
332 (95.1%)
Boris 2004 Not reported (conducted in Denmark)
Bosaeus 2015 Women of European descent
Bulstra‐Ramakers 1994 Not reported (study conducted in the Netherlands)
Carlson 2013 Hispanic: 8%
Not Hispanic: 92%		 Hispanic: 8%
Not Hispanic 92%
African‐American: 38%
Chase 2015 Maternal ethnicity not reported;
reported that 98% of included infants were white		 Maternal ethnicity not reported;
reported that 93% of included infants were white
D'Almedia 1992 Not reported (conducted in Angola)
de Groot 2004 "White women"
Dunstan 2008 Caucasian women
England 1989 Not reported (conducted in South Africa)
Freeman 2008 Not reported (conducted in USA)
Furuhjelm 2009 Not reported (conducted in Sweden)
Giorlandino 2013 Not reported (conducted in Italy)
Gustafson 2013 28% African‐American (conducted in USA)
Haghiac 2015 African American: 11 (44%)
Caucasian: 10 (40%)
Other (e.g. Hispanic or Asian): 4 (16%)		 African American: 6 (25%)
Caucasian: 11 (46%)
Other (e.g. Hispanic or Asian): 7 (29%)
Harper 2010 African American: 148 (34.1%)
White: 245 (56.5%)
Asian: 13 (3.0%)
Other: 28 (6.5%)
Hispanic/Latina ethnicity: 64 (14.7%)		 African American: 145 (34.9%)
White: 240 (57.7%)
Asian: 5 (1.2%)
Other: 26 (6.3%)
Hispanic/Latina ethnicity: 57 (13.6%)
Harris 2015 Not reported (conducted in USA)
Hauner 2012 Not reported (conducted in Germany)
Helland 2001 Not reported (conducted in Norway)
Horvaticek 2017 Not reported (conducted in Croatia)
Hurtado 2015 Not reported (conducted in Spain)
Ismail 2016 Not reported (conducted in Egypt)
Jamilian 2016 Not reported (conducted in Iran)
Jamilian 2017 Not reported (conducted in Iran)
Judge 2007 Not reported (conducted in USA)
Judge 2014 Not reported (conducted in USA)
Kaviani 2014 Not reported (conducted in Iran)
Keenan 2014 African American women
Khalili 2016 Not reported (conducted in Iran)
Knudsen 2006 Not reported (conducted in Denmark)
Krauss‐Etschmann 2007 Not reported (conducted in Spain, Germany or Hungary)
Krummel 2016 African American: 12 (37.5%)
White: 20 (62.5%)		 African American: 15 (53.6%)
White: 13 (46.4%)
Laivuori 1993 Not reported (conducted in Finland)
Makrides 2010 Not reported (conducted in Australia)
Malcolm 2003 Not reported (conducted in UK)
Mardones 2008 "mainly ethnically mixed (American and Hispanic)"
Martin‐Alvarez 2012 Not reported (conducted in Spain)
Miller 2016 African American: 1 (1.7%)
Caucasian: 55 (92%)
Hispanic: 2 (3%)
Asian: 1 (1.67%)
Other: 1 (1.67%)		 African American: 0 (0%)
Caucasian: 52 (95%)
Hispanic: 2 (3%)
Asian: 1 (2%)
Other: 0 (0%)
Min 2014 Asian: 16 (35.6%)
African/Afro‐Caribbean: 10 (22.2%)
Caucasian: 13 (28.9%)
Others: 6 (13.3%)		 Asian: 18 (45.0%)
African/Afro‐Caribbean: 14 (35.0%)
Caucasian: 6 (15.0%)
Others: 2 (5.0%)
Min 2014 [diabetic women] Asian: 18 (43.9%)
African/Afro‐Caribbean: 15 (36.6%)
Caucasian: 5 (12.2%)
Others: 3 (7.3%)		 Asian: 27 (57.5%)
African/Afro‐Caribbean: 10 (21.3%)
Caucasian: 5 (10.6%)
Others: 5 (10.6%)
Min 2016 Asian: 40 (60%)
African/Afro‐Caribbean: 18 (27%)
Caucasian: 5 (7%)
Others: 4 (7%)		 Asian: 44 (62%)
African/Afro‐Caribbean: 18 (25%)
Caucasian: 5 (7%)
Others: 4 (6%)
Mozurkewich 2013 White: 33 (85%) for EPA‐rich group; 29 (76%) for DHA‐rich group
African‐American: 4 (10%) for EPA‐rich group; 4 (11%) for DHA‐rich group
Hispanic‐Latina: 0 (0%) for EPA‐rich group; 4 (11%) for DHA‐rich group
Asian: 1 (3%) for EPA‐rich group; 1 (3%) for DHA‐rich group
American Indian or Alaska Native: 0 (0%) for EPA‐rich group; 0 (0) for DHA‐rich group
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific ethnicity: 1 (3) for EPA‐rich group; 0 (0%) for DHA‐rich group		 White: 34 (83%)
African‐American: 2 (5%)
Hispanic‐Latina: 3 (7%)
Asian: 1 (2%)
American Indian or Alaska Native: 1 (2%)
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific ethnicity: 0 (0%)
Mulder 2014 White: 73.1%
Non‐white: 26.9%		 White: 73.9%
Non‐white: 26.1%
Noakes 2012 Not reported (conducted in UK)
Ogundipe 2016 Not reported (conducted in UK)
Oken 2013 White: 9 (50%) advice only group; 9 (53%) advice+voucher group
Black: 2 (11%) advice only group; 2 (12%) advice+voucher group
Asian: 2 (11%) advice only group; 1 (6%) advice+voucher group
Hispanic/other: 5 (28%) advice only group; 5 (29%) advice+voucher group		 White: 9 (45%)
Black: 2 (10%)
Asian: 3 (15%)
Hispanic/other: 6 (30%)
Olsen 1992 Not reported (conducted in Denmark)
Olsen 2000 Not reported (conducted in Denmark, Scotland, Sweden, England, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Belgium and Russia)
Olsen 2000 [twins] See Olsen 2000
Onwude 1995 Not reported (conducted in UK)
Otto 2000 Not reported (conducted in the Netherlands)
Pietrantoni 2014 Caucasians
Ramakrishnan 2010 Not reported (conducted in Mexico)
Ranjkesh 2011 Not reported (conducted in Iran)
Razavi 2017 Not reported (conducted in Iran)
Rees 2008 Not reported (conducted in Australia)
Ribeiro 2012 Not reported (conducted in Brazil)
Rivas‐Echeverria 2000 Not reported (conducted in Venezuela)
Samimi 2015 Not reported (conducted in Iran)
Sanjurjo 2004 Not reported (conducted in Spain)
Smuts 2003a African:104 (73%)
Other: 38 (27%)		 African: 109 (73%)
Other: 40 (27%)
Smuts 2003b African: 15 (83%)
Other: 3 (17%)		 African: 15 (78%)
Other: 4 (22%)
Su 2008 Not reported (conducted in Taiwan)
Taghizadeh 2016 Not reported (conducted in Iran)
Tofail 2006 Not reported (conducted in India)
Valenzuela 2015 Hispanic: 19 (100%) Hispanic: 21 (100%)
Van Goor 2009 Not reported (conducted in the Netherlands)
Van Winden 2017 Neither ethnicity, race or country where study conducted reported
Vaz 2017 White: 13 (40.6%)
Non‐white: 19 (59.4%)		 White: 5 (17.9%)
Non‐white: 23 (82.1%)