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. 2018 Oct 18;2018(10):CD009431. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009431.pub3

Comparison 1. Prokinetic versus placebo.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 Not symptom‐free or no symptom improvement 29 10044 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.74, 0.89]
1.1 Cisapride 15‐60 mg/d 12 1647 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.71 [0.54, 0.93]
1.2 Acotiamide 150‐900 mg/d 6 2429 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.94 [0.91, 0.98]
1.3 Itopride 150‐600 mg/d 6 2066 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.70 [0.47, 1.03]
1.4 Tegaserod 12 mg/d 2 2667 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.82, 0.96]
1.5 Mosapride 10‐22.5 mg/d 2 626 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.73, 1.13]
1.6 ABT‐229 2.5‐20 mg/d 1 609 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.33 [1.05, 1.70]
2 Not symptom‐free or no symptom improvement, subgroup by definition 29 10044 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.74, 0.89]
2.1 Not symptom‐free 16 4356 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.78 [0.68, 0.89]
2.2 No symptom improvement 13 5688 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.86 [0.78, 0.94]
3 Not symptom‐free or no symptom improvement, subgroup by FD subtype 29 10044 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.74, 0.89]
3.1 EPS 1 32 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.48 [0.24, 0.98]
3.2 PDS 9 5068 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.78 [0.65, 0.92]
3.3 EPS and PDS 19 4944 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.75, 0.93]
4 Not symptom‐free or no symptom improvement, subgroup by publication type 29 10044 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.74, 0.89]
4.1 Full paper 26 9309 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.74, 0.89]
4.2 Conference abstract 3 735 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.77, 1.00]
5 Not symptom‐free or no symptom improvement, subgroup by assessment tool 29 10044 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.74, 0.89]
5.1 Validated tool 1 30 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.66 [0.18, 2.44]
5.2 Non‐validated tool 28 10014 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.74, 0.89]
6 Not symptom‐free or no symptom improvement, subgroup by follow‐up period 29 10044 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.74, 0.89]
6.1 Less than one month 6 473 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.77 [0.59, 1.01]
6.2 Greater than or equal to one month 23 9571 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.74, 0.90]
7 Not symptom‐free or no symptom improvement, subgroup by risk of bias 29 10044 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.74, 0.89]
7.1 High risk of bias 4 1049 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.67 [0.39, 1.15]
7.2 Unclear risk of bias 21 4883 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.76, 0.93]
7.3 Low risk of bias 4 4112 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.87 [0.80, 0.95]
8 Post‐treatment symptom scores (different scales used) 6 2914 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.36 [‐0.65, ‐0.07]
8.1 Tegaserod 2 2656 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.13 [‐0.24, ‐0.02]
8.2 Cisapride 2 132 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.06 [‐0.40, 0.28]
8.3 Itorpide 1 80 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.88 [‐2.41, ‐1.35]
8.4 Acotiamide 1 46 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.30 [‐0.88, 0.28]
9 Post‐treatment symptom scores (different scales used), subgroup by FD subtype 6 2914 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.36 [‐0.65, ‐0.07]
9.1 PDS 4 2782 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.50 [‐0.87, ‐0.13]
9.2 EPS and PDS 2 132 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.06 [‐0.40, 0.28]
10 Post‐treatment symptom scores (different scales used), subgroup by assessment tool 6 2914 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.36 [‐0.65, ‐0.07]
10.1 Validated tool 1 46 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.30 [‐0.88, 0.28]
10.2 Non‐validated tool 5 2868 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.37 [‐0.69, ‐0.05]
11 Post‐treatment symptom scores (different scales used), subgroup by follow‐up period 6 2914 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.36 [‐0.65, ‐0.07]
11.1 Less than one month 2 126 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.09 [‐2.64, 0.45]
11.2 Greater than or equal to one month 4 2788 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.13 [‐0.20, ‐0.05]
12 Post‐treatment symptom scores (different scales used), subgroup by risk of bias 6 2914 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.36 [‐0.65, ‐0.07]
12.1 High risk of bias 1 76 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.17 [‐0.62, 0.28]
12.2 Unclear risk of bias 3 182 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.70 [‐1.91, 0.51]
12.3 Low risk of bias 2 2656 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.13 [‐0.24, ‐0.02]
13 Mean difference symptom scores (post‐treatment ‐ pre‐treatment, different scales used), subgroup by prokinetic 11 1822 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.65 [‐1.50, 0.20]
13.1 Itorpide 4 860 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.53 [‐3.42, 0.37]
13.2 Cisapride 4 280 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.28 [‐0.71, 0.16]
13.3 Acotiamide 2 108 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.06 [‐0.47, 0.35]
13.4 ABT‐229 1 574 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.14 [‐0.07, 0.34]
14 Mean difference symptom scores (post‐treatment ‐ pre‐treatment, different scales used), subgroup by FD subtype 11 1822 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.65 [‐1.50, 0.20]
14.1 PDS 3 154 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.68 [‐1.65, 0.29]
14.2 EPS and PDS 8 1668 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.64 [‐1.70, 0.42]
15 Mean difference symptom scores (post‐treatment ‐ pre‐treatment, different scales used), subgroup by method of calculating MD 11 1822 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.65 [‐1.50, 0.20]
15.1 Reported mean difference 7 1564 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.78 [‐1.98, 0.42]
15.2 Calculated mean difference 4 258 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.42 [‐1.20, 0.36]
16 Mean difference symptom scores (post‐treatment ‐ pre‐treatment, different scales used), subgroup by assessment tool 11 1822 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.65 [‐1.50, 0.20]
16.1 Validated tool 4 720 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.24 [‐3.25, 0.78]
16.2 Non‐validated tool 7 1102 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.30 [‐0.72, 0.11]
17 Mean difference symptom scores (post‐treatment ‐ pre‐treatment, different scales used), subgroup by follow‐up period 11 1822 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.65 [‐1.50, 0.20]
17.1 Less than one month 3 188 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.56 [‐1.59, 0.46]
17.2 Greater than or equal to one month 8 1634 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.68 [‐1.75, 0.38]
18 Mean difference symptom scores (post‐treatment ‐ pre‐treatment, different scales used), subgroup by risk of bias 11 1822 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.65 [‐1.50, 0.20]
18.1 High risk of bias 2 302 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.40 [‐0.63, ‐0.17]
18.2 Unclear risk of bias 8 997 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.32 [‐0.76, 0.11]
18.3 Low risk of bias 1 523 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐3.80 [‐4.10, ‐3.50]
19 Improved QoL 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
19.1 Itopride 1 30 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.17 [0.54, 2.54]
20 Post QoL scores 1   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
20.1 Acotiamide 1 46 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.24 [‐0.34, 0.82]
21 Change of QoL scores (post‐treatment ‐ pre‐treatment, different scales) 5 1774 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.11 [‐0.10, 0.33]
21.1 Acotiamide 3 1000 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.16 [‐0.79, 0.47]
21.2 Itopride 2 774 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.24 [0.08, 0.39]
22 Adverse events 17 3811 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.09 [0.95, 1.25]
22.1 Cisapride 10 1482 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.31 [1.03, 1.65]
22.2 Acotiamide 3 1660 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.98 [0.83, 1.16]
22.3 Itopride 3 609 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.02 [0.80, 1.31]
22.4 Mosapride 1 60 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.5 [0.27, 8.34]