Fox 1999.

Methods	Randomized controlled trial
Participants	166 neonates receiving TPN. NICU, Canada
Interventions	Administration set changes at 24 or 48 hours
Outcomes	IR‐BSI All‐cause BSI Mortality
Notes	Exclusions: not stated Central catheters: > 30% PN: 100% Loss to follow‐up: 10.8%, nil for mortality
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Adequate random sequence generation Quote: "A random number table was used to allocate infants in a one to two ratio" (p. 150)
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not discussed
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not discussed, not feasible because of research design
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not discussed, not feasible because of research design
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Outcome blinding not discussed
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Adequately reported: n = 166 randomly assigned, 149 cultured infusate (therefore 14 not sent as PN ceased, 3 deceased, 1 crossed over) Roughly equates to equal attrition between groups
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No pre‐protocol
Other bias	High risk	Did not monitor set interruptions Two types of administration sets in use. Quote: "determined by the type of IV pump in use" (p. 151) but not reported by group Quote: "Unit of measurement was infusate sample not patient" (p. 151), but study was randomized per participant