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. 2018 Nov 14;2018(11):CD008170. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008170.pub3

Schram 2005.

Methods Allocation: randomized
Blinding: double‐blinded
Duration: 12 months
Funding: "AstraZeneca provided funding for this clinical trial (to CDAS), but had no influence on the data analyses or manuscript preparation."
Participants Diagnosis: not reported
N = 60
Age: Lisinopril group 62 ± 8 years; Candesartan group 60 ± 7 years; HCTZ group 63 ± 6 years
Sex: 45% women; 55% men
History: not reported
Inclusion criteria: for the run‐in period were: T2DM ≥ 6 months (WHO criteria 1985); age 35‐70 years; "Caucasian ethnicity"; and urinary albumin excretion < 100 mg/24 hours. Patients with a sitting BP > 140/90 mmHg and < 190/120 mmHg after the run‐in period had an ECG. Participants were included if LVMI 490 g/m² in men or 470 g/m² in women
Exclusion criteria: pregnancy or planning a pregnancy; a history of MI, angina pectoris, coronary artery bypass surgery, angioplasty, stroke, CHF, malignancy or other serious illnesses; serum creatinine > 140 mmol/L; body mass index 435 kg/m²; alcohol or drug abuse, or both; or participation in other clinical trials
Interventions RAS inhibitor: lisinopril, candesartan; thiazide: HCTZ
HCTZ 12.5 mg daily
Candesartan 8 mg daily
Lisinopril 10 mg daily
Add‐on: consecutively, 12.5 mg HCTZ, doubling study medication; 5 mg felodipine, 50 mg metoprolol, 2 mg doxazosin, 5mg felodipine; 50 mg metoprolol, 2 mg doxazosin, 5 mg felodipine, 100 mg metoprolol, and 4 mg doxazosin
Outcomes BP after 5 min of seated rest (mean of 3 consecutive measurements)
Notes Participants were limited to people of "Caucasian ethnicity". The reason was not reported
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Method of sequence generation was not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Method of concealment was not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk Double‐blinded
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Method of blinding was not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk Missing data were unlikely to have an impact on the results of the trial
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Low risk Outcomes listed in the methods were all reported
Other bias Unclear risk Although the role of company was unlikely to have an impact on the study, no other information was found to evaluate the risk as either high or low