Baygin 2010.

Methods	Parallel group RCT Location: Turkey Funding: not stated
Participants	Unco‐operative (Frankl > 3) n = 60 (n = 15 per group) Gender, mean age (unclear, possibly SD) in years, mean weight (unclear, possibly SD) in kg: Group 1 (n = 15), 10 males, 5 females, 5.33 (0.62), 18.93 (2.31) Group 2 (n = 15), 11 males, 4 females, 5.27 (0.80), 19.07 (3.62) Group 3 (n = 15), 9 males, 6 females, 5.20 (0.41), 18.20 (2.34) Group 4 (n = 15), 6 males, 9 females, 5.53 (0.99), 20.01 (3.99)
Interventions	Group 1: hydroxyzine (1 mg/kg) (oral) + 40% nitrous oxide oxygen Group 2: midazolam (0.7 mg/kg) + 40% nitrous oxide oxygen Group 3: ketamine (3 mg/kg) + midazolam (0.25 mg/kg) + 40% nitrous oxide oxygen Group 4: 40% nitrous oxide oxygen
Outcomes	Treatment completion, Ramsay Sedation Scale, Bispectral Index System, adverse effects
Notes	No placebo used 40% nitrous oxide all patients Sample size calculation given
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	"Randomly assigned" ‐ method of sequence generation not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Study drugs given by a trained nurse
Blinding ‐ Participant	High risk	Study described as being double‐blind, but no placebo used for group 4 who did not receive an oral medication
Blinding ‐ Operator/sedationist	Low risk	Study drugs administered by nurse and described as double‐blind
Blinding ‐ Outcome assessor	Low risk	One of the researchers who was blinded to the premedication drug evaluated every patient
Incomplete outcome assessment	Low risk	All patients evaluated
Free of selective reporting	Low risk	All planned outcomes reported
Free of other bias	Low risk	No other risks identified