Kim 2016a.
| Methods | Randomized clinical trial | |
| Participants | Methods of recruitment were not reported by authors 22 participants: 11 action observation training group; 11 task‐oriented training group Inclusion criteria: aged between 18 and 70 years with a first‐time ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke; stroke experienced more than 1 month and less than 6 months before the study; sufficient cognition to participate in the study: a MMSE scores of 24 or higher; no excessive spasticity, defined as a grade of 3 or higher on the MAS Exclusion criteria: patients with any comorbidity or disability other than stroke that precluded upper‐extremity training; any uncontrolled health condition for which exercise was contraindicated Mean (SD) age: action observation training group: 60.77 (7.03); task‐oriented training group: 59.11 (7.05) Stroke details: action observation training group: 9 ischemic, 2 hemorrhagic; task‐oriented training group: 7 ischemic, 4 hemorrhagic Stroke phase: subacute |
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| Interventions | Action observation training group participants watched video tasks for 9 minutes, had a 1‐minute break to organize their thoughts and practiced the task‐oriented training for 30 minutes Task‐oriented training group participants performed tasks based on ADLs for 30 minutes, without watching the video Action observation training group sessions were 40 minutes and task‐oriented training group sessions were 30 minutes. Sessions were 5 times per week for 4 weeks |
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| Outcomes | Outcomes recorded after and before intervention Upper limb function: upper extremity part of the FMA and BBT Activities of Daily Living: MBI Spasticity: MAS |
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| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | A computer‐generated random number was used to allocate participants |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Authors did not report if there was allocation concealment, but randomization type classifies the allocation concealment as low risk |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No blinding, but the outcome is not likely to be influenced by lack of blinding |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | The evaluator was not aware of the treatment allocation |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | There was no exclusion of participants after randomization |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | There is no trial registration, but the outcomes are significant, and there is no selective reporting within the study |
| Other bias | Low risk | |