Lam 1992.

Methods	Single‐centre randomised controlled trial in Hong Kong.
Participants	Inclusion criteria: infants not breast fed or who stopped breast feeding in first 2 weeks. 'High‐risk infants' but criteria not reported.
Interventions	Allocated to: Treatment (n = 50): pHWF (Nan HA, Nestle). Control (n = 50): CMF (Nan, Nestle). Co‐interventions: none reported. Solids withheld for 6 months.
Outcomes	Primary outcome(s): allergic manifestations in first 6 months. Other outcomes: growth parameters in first 6 months. Definitions Atopic symptoms included colic, respiratory atopy (wheeze and rhinitis) and skin atopy (eczema and urticaria). Eczema not defined.
Notes	Trial of prolonged feeding in infants at high risk of allergic disease with pHWF vs CMF. Numbers of infants with atopic manifestations at 6 months converted from percentages. Conflict of interest: internal report of Nestle. Data not published.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Reported 'double‐blind randomisation'; method not reported.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method not reported.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	8/100 (8%) ‐ 6 in HF group and 2 in CMF group.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Allergic disease definitions not reported.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Group characteristics not reported.