Study	Reason for exclusion
Bernard 1989	RCT of N‐acetylcysteine in 19 patients with ARDS; clinical outcomes not reported
Bernard 1991	RCT of ibuprofen in 30 patients with sepsis; not reported to have ALI/ARDS at randomization
Bernard 1997b	RCT of ibuprofen in 455 patients with sepsis; not all patients had ALI/ARDS at randomization
Bigatello 1994	Subgroup analysis of patients with ARDS from RCT of HA‐1A (human monoclonal antiendotoxin antibody) for patients with sepsis
Bone 1987	RCT of methylprednisolone in patients at risk for ARDS; not reported to have ALI at randomization
Bone 1995	RCT of monoclonal antibody to endotoxin (E5) in patients with sepsis; not all patients had ALI/ARDS at randomization
Bursten 1996	RCT of lisofylline in patients at risk for ARDS; not reported to have ALI at randomization
Fisher 1994	RCT of human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist for patients with sepsis; not all patients had ALI/ARDS at randomization
Fourrier 1993	RCT of antithrombin III concentrates in 35 patients with septic shock; not reported to have ALI/ARDS at randomization
Heard 1999	RCT of prostaglandin E1 in 28 patients with ARDS; clinical outcomes not reported
Kawai 1988	Case series of ulinastatin and steroids for patients with sepsis‐induced ARDS
Kawai 1990	Case series of ulinastatin and steroids for patients with sepsis‐induced ARDS
Konrad 1995	RCT of N‐acetylcysteine in intubated surgical intensive care unit patients; not reported to have ALI/ARDS at randomization
Looareesuwan 1998	RCT of pentoxyfylline in 45 patients with severe malaria; not reported to have ALI/ARDS at randomization
Lucas 1981	Quasi‐randomized (allocation based on unit number) trial of steroids during trauma resuscitation; not reported to have ALI/ARDS at randomization
Luce 1988	RCT of methylprednisolone in patients with septic shock at high risk of ARDS; not reported to have ALI at randomization
Marshall 2001	Subgroup analysis of patients with ARDS from RCT of afelimomab (anti‐tumour necrosis factor antibody) for severe sepsis
McMichan 1976	RCT of aprotinin in patients lower extremity or pelvic trauma and shock; did not have ALI/ARDS at randomization
McMichan 1982	RCT of aprotinin in patients lower extremity or pelvic trauma and shock; did not have ALI/ARDS at randomization; same patients enrolled in McMichan 1976
Nelson 1998	RCT of filgrastim in hospitalized patients with pneumonia; ARDS was exclusion criterion and not reported to have ALI
Nelson 2000	RCT of filgrastim in hospitalized patients with multilobar pneumonia; ARDS was exclusion criterion and not reported to have ALI
Ogawa 1996	RCT of ONO‐5046 Na (a neutrophil elastase inhibitor) in systemic inflammatory response syndrome induced lung injury; trial did not include a placebo or no therapy control group
Paran 1995	RCT of octreotide for pancreatitis; not reported to have ALI/ARDS at randomization
Paran 2000	RCT of octreotide for pancreatitis; not reported to have ALI/ARDS at randomization
Radermacher 1988	Non‐randomized comparison of ketanserin and sodium nitroprusside in patients with ARDS
Radermacher 1989	Non‐randomized crossover comparison of nitroglycerin and prostaglandin E1 in patients with ARDS
Root 2003	RCT of filgrastim for patients with pneumonia and severe sepsis; not all patients had ALI/ARDS at randomization
Russell 1990	Non‐randomized comparison of prostaglandin E1 to control in patients with ARDS
Satoh 1998	RCT of surfactant in patients with unilateral lung injury after thoracic aneurysm surgery
Schuster 2003	RCT of platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase in patients with severe sepsis; excluded patients with ARDS and not reported to have ALI at randomization
Slotman 1988	RCT of ketoconazole to prevent ARDS; excluded patients with ARDS and not reported to have ALI at randomization
Sprung 1984	RCT of corticosteroids in patients with septic shock; not reported to have ALI/ARDS at randomization
Tanaka 2001	RCT of lenograstim for patients with sepsis; majority but not all patients had mild‐moderate ALI at randomization
Tuxen 1986	RCT of aprotinin to prevent ARDS in patients with trauma, sepsis, haemorrhage or surgery; excluded patients with ARDS and not reported to have ALI at randomization
Umberger 2002	Cost‐effectiveness data from RCT of methylprednisolone for late phase ARDS (Meduri 1998); no new clinical outcomes reported
van der Merwe 1985	Non‐randomized comparison methylprednisolone to control in patients with severe trauma; not reported to have ALI/ARDS at randomization
Vincent 1985	RCT of dipyridamole for the prevention of ARDS; did not have ALI at randomization
Wunderink 2001	RCT of filgrastim for patients with pneumonia and sepsis; not all patients had ALI/ARDS at randomization
Yu 1993	RCT of ketoconazole to prevent ARDS in patients with sepsis; not reported to have ALI at randomization

Abbreviations: ALI = acute lung injury, ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome, RCT = randomized controlled trial