Perttunen 1992.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Study duration: not reported Study follow‐up:72 h post‐operatively
Participants	Country: Finland Setting: single centre Inclusion criteria: patients undergoing thoracoscopy Number: treatment group (15); control group (15) Mean age, range (years): treatment group (59.1, 38 to 75); control group (55.3, 23 to 74) Sex (M/F): treatment group 1 (11/4); control group (13/2) Exclusion criteria: > 75 years; cardiac, kidney or hepatic failure; history of GI bleeding or peptic ulceration; haemorrhagic diathesis and asthma; allergy to aspirin, NSAIDs or morphine; confusion; preoperative FEV1 < 60% of reference value; sleep apnoea
Interventions	Treatment group Diclofenac: 400 mg in 400 mL NaCl 0.9%; 25 mL bolus given immediately after surgery then 2 mg/kg/24 h for 48 h Control group 0.9% NaCl: 400 mL; 25 mL bolus given immediately after surgery then 2 mL/kg/24 h for 48 h
Outcomes	Pre‐operative and post‐operative SCr and urine output
Notes	Funding support: supported by the Paulo Foundation, Finland
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Study was described as randomised, method of randomisation was not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Study medication looks identical; double blind study
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Nurse who made up the infusions was not involved in the study
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Missing secondary outcome data from 4/30 patients; insufficient reporting of reason behind missing data to permit judgement.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Study protocol matches outcomes presented
Other bias	Low risk	Non‐profit organisation funding received